# LIT REVIEW - Lebanon media landscape

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This resource page is a work in progress. Please get in touch to let us know what is missing [using this form](https://forms.gle/ZAjDBxAk2D3V5Bes8). 
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GFMD is curating a [literature review](https://lebanon-coordination.gfmd.info/resources/lit-review) of resources relevant to media assistance in Lebanon. You can browse the resources by the topics below:

{% content-ref url="lit-review/digital-distribution" %}
[digital-distribution](https://lebanon-coordination.gfmd.info/resources/lit-review/digital-distribution)
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{% content-ref url="lit-review/digital-rights-free-expression" %}
[digital-rights-free-expression](https://lebanon-coordination.gfmd.info/resources/lit-review/digital-rights-free-expression)
{% endcontent-ref %}

{% content-ref url="lit-review/start-ups-new-alternative-media" %}
[start-ups-new-alternative-media](https://lebanon-coordination.gfmd.info/resources/lit-review/start-ups-new-alternative-media)
{% endcontent-ref %}

{% content-ref url="lit-review/trust" %}
[trust](https://lebanon-coordination.gfmd.info/resources/lit-review/trust)
{% endcontent-ref %}

{% content-ref url="lit-review/case-studies" %}
[case-studies](https://lebanon-coordination.gfmd.info/resources/lit-review/case-studies)
{% endcontent-ref %}

## OVERVIEW

{% embed url="<https://ijnet.org/en/story/media-lebanon-one-year-after-beirut-blast>" %}

## **Humanitarian**

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At least 191 people were killed, over 6,500 were injured. Around 40,000 buildings were damaged, leaving more than 300,000 without shelter and at least 70,000 left jobless.&#x20;

Those with the most urgent needs before and after the explosion are poor Lebanese, migrant workers, and refugee communities.&#x20;

The explosion aggravated an already dire situation with more than 3.2 million people who are considered in need of humanitarian protection assistance in 2020. [(ACAPS](https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/20200921_acaps_situation_analysis_beirut_explosion.pdf))
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For background on the governance issues that led to the explosion see:&#x20;

* [A Hidden Tycoon, African Explosives, and a Loan from a Notorious Bank: Questionable Connections Surround Beirut Explosion Shipment (OCCRP)](https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/a-hidden-tycoon-african-explosives-and-a-loan-from-a-notorious-bank-questionable-connections-surround-beirut-explosion-shipment)
* [Lebanon’s Offshore Governor (OCCRP)](https://www.occrp.org/en/investigations/lebanons-offshore-governor)

## **Political crisis**

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Lebanon is a divided society characterized by a conflict of political interests. The Beirut blast has worsened the situation. It is a transition period and there is a huge lack of trust in public institutions and the current political elite.&#x20;
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## **The financial and economic crisis**

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Businesses are shutting down, with the closure of [newspapers](https://lebanon-coordination.gfmd.info/resources/lit-review/digital-distribution) and mainstream media houses.
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## **Absence of (public sector) authority and state assistance**

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GFMD’s partners in Lebanon report that civic initiatives and NGOs are stepping in and filling the failures of the state.&#x20;
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In the long-term, this is not sustainable. However, many civic groups believe that NGOs could contribute to institution building in the right political circumstances.
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{% embed url="<https://www.skeyesmedia.org/en/News/Reports/15-02-2022/9874>" %}